Probably the most controversial Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Mr.
Ranjit Sinha seems to have met his match. On May 14, 2015 the Supreme Court dismissed cases of
perjury filed by him against Common Cause, its Director and their counsel.
In 2012 Common Cause had filed public interest litigation in the Supreme Court seeking inter
alia cancellation of the allocation of captive coal blocks from 1993 onwards and a direction for a probe by
a special investigation team. The CJI's bench pronounced its verdict on August 25, 2014, holding
the allocations of coal blocks for captive mining made during the period from 1993 to 2010 as illegal
and cancelled 214 of the 218 allocations in question.
In September 2014, a copy of the visitors' log maintained at the residence of the then Director,
CBI was submitted to the Supreme Court. From its contents it transpired that Mr. Sinha had met at his
residence a number of persons who were the accused in various high profile cases being investigated by the
CBI, such as the Telecom scam and the Coal block allocation cases.
In this context, Common Cause filed an application for directions (IA 13), seeking the recusal of
Mr. Sinha from the ongoing investigations and prosecutions related to the coal blocks allocation case.
Mr Sinha and his lawyers seem to have tried every trick in the book to cover up what many called a
sequence of apparent acts of omission. They even gave contradictory statements perhaps to confuse and
obfuscate the legal process. The CBI already adorned with the sobriquet of "caged parrot" suffered yet
another setback when its director was told to keep off the 2G spectrum case barely two weeks before his
term came to an end.
Sinha's controversial tenure hit a new low when the visitors' log became public. The request of
his counsel, Mr. Vikas Singh, for an in camera hearing, allegedly to protect the CBI director's prestige
and prevent adverse impact on the trial in 2G scam cases, was denied by the Court. When nothing seemed
to work, he used the tactics of intimidation by initiating perjury proceedings (Crl. MP No.387/2015)
praying for grant of directions to the concerned Police Station to register an FIR against Mr. Prashant
Bhushan, Common Cause and Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal for making deliberate and intentional false statements
on oath.
Dismissing his petition with a reasoned order the Court observed that under the circumstances
it was difficult to hold that there was any intention to mislead the Court and made the following observation:
"In these circumstances, it is difficult to hold that Mr. Prashant Bhushan or Common Cause
or Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal had any intention to mislead this Court in any manner, nor do we agree that
they have perjured themselves."
The Court in its order made several adverse observations on the manner of conduct of inquiry
by the CBI. The arguments tendered by the CBI that any adverse order in the matter would
irreparably damage its credibility was termed "fallacious" by the Court and rejected.
Holding the meetings in the absence of the investigating officer or team as completely
inappropriate the Court found it necessary to look into the question whether any one or more such meetings have
had any impact on the investigations and subsequent charge sheet/closure reports filed by the CBI. The
apex court has sought the assistance of the Central Vigilance Commission to determine the methodology
for conducting such an inquiry.
Swapna Jha
The judgment of the Supreme Court is reproduced below:
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
I.A. No. 13/2014 and Crl. M.P. No.387/2015
IN
WRIT PETITION (C) NO.463/2012
Common Cause & Ors. .............Petitioners
Versus
Union of India and Ors. .............Respondents
O R D E R.
Madan B. Lokur, J
& The prayer in IA No.13/2014 filed by Common Cause others is two-fold:
(1) Direct Mr. Ranjit Sinha, Director CBI, not to interfere in the coal block allocation case
investigations and prosecutions being carried out by the CBI and to recuse himself from these cases. (2) Direct
an SIT appointed by the Hon'ble Court to investigate the abuse of authority committed by the
CBI Director in order to scuttle inquires, investigations and prosecutions being carried out by the CBI
in coal block allocation cases and other important cases.
2. In so far as the first prayer is concerned, since Mr. Ranjit Sinha, the Director, Central Bureau
of Investigation (for short the CBI) has admittedly superannuated on or about
2nd December, 2014 the question of his recusal from investigations and prosecutions being carried out by the CBI in
respect of cases arising out of what is now commonly known as the Coal Block Allocations case has
become infructuous. We are, therefore, concerned only with the second prayer in the application.
3. The prayer in Crl. MP No.387/2015 filed by Mr. Ranjit Sinha is as follows:
A. Direct the concerned Police Station to register an FIR against Mr. Prashant Bhushan,
the Petitioner Association (i.e. Common Cause) and Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal for making
deliberate and intentional false statements on oath and before this Hon'ble Court in these
proceedings, B. Pass other or further orders as may be deemed fit and proper.
4. We propose to consider both these applications since we have heard submissions on them.
5. It is not necessary to go into the detailed background of the case since all the facts are on record
in the judgment delivered by this Court in Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secretary and
Ors1 Nevertheless, some facts---------- are necessary for the purposes of a decision on
these applications.
6. During the course of hearing of the writ petition on
24th January, 2013 and in response to a
query made by this Court, a statement was made by the learned Additional Solicitor General that on
the next date of hearing, the status of the investigations (into the allotment of coal blocks) shall
be made known to this Court through an affidavit filed by a competent authority. The case was
then adjourned to 12th March, 2013.
7. Pursuant to the statement made by the learned Additional Solicitor General, a status report
was filed by the CBI on 8th March, 2013 in a sealed cover. This status report was perused on
12th March, 2013 and upon a consideration of the entire matter, this Court required an affidavit to be filed by
the Director, CBI that the status report submitted was vetted by him and nothing therein has
been shared with the political executive. He was also required to state on affidavit that the same
procedure would be followed in respect of subsequent status reports that may be filed in this Court. The
status report was then re-sealed and the case adjourned to
30th April, 2013.
8. Acting on the above order, the Director, CBI filed the requisite affidavit on
26th April, 2013. When the case was taken up on
30th April, 2013 the affidavit filed by the Director, CBI was perused and
this Court was of the view that the following aspects needed to be clarified by the Director, CBI:
"(i) As to why in the status report dated 08.03.2013 no disclosure was made to this Court that
the draft report has been shared with the political executive and officials. (ii) What was the
basis and reasons for the C.B.I. in making the statement on 12.03.2013 through its counsel
(Additional Solicitor General) before this Court that the status report dated 08.03.2013 has not
been shared with any one and it is meant only for the Court. (iii) In the affidavit now filed by
the Director, C.B.I. on April 26, 2013 it is stated that the draft of the status report dated March
8, 2013 was shared with the Minister of Law & Justice as desired by him prior to its
submission before this Court and it was also shared with Joint Secretary level officers each of the
Prime Minister's Officer and Ministry of Coal as desired by them but nothing has been said in
the affidavit whether or not changes were made in the draft report and, if yes, at whose
instance and the extent of changes and whether besides the three persons mentioned in para 4 of
the affidavit, the draft report was shared with any other person in that meeting. (iv) The names
of the two officers one each of the Prime Minister's Office and Ministry of Coal referred to in
para 4 of the affidavit. (v) xxxx xxxxx (vi) xxxx xxxxx"
9. It was directed that an affidavit giving the above information may be filed by the Director, CBI by
6th May, 2013 and the case was then adjourned to
8th May, 2013. As required, the Director, CBI filed
a further affidavit in this regard on
6th May, 2013.
10. When the case was taken up on
8th May, 2013 Mr. Prashant Bhushan learned counsel for
Common Cause made his submissions. Keeping the submissions in mind it was directed that the
Director, CBI shall henceforth ensure the secrecy of inquiries and investigations into the allocation of
coal blocks and that no access of any nature whatsoever is provided to any person or authority
including any Minister of the Central Cabinet, Law Officers, Advocates of the CBI, Director of
Prosecution and Officials/Officers of the Central Government.
11. It is in the background of the above broad facts relating to the secrecy (and purity) of the
investigations that IA No. 13/2014 appears to have been moved by Common Cause with some additional
facts having come to its notice after the aforesaid orders were passed by this Court.
Pleadings and documents
12. Apart from stating a few relevant facts in the application, what is of immediate concern is
the averment made in paragraph 9 of the application that Common Cause has come to know that
Mr. Ranjit Sinha, Director, CBI had met several persons at his residence who are accused in
prominent cases including the Coal Block Allocation scam
without any of the investigating officers being
present. (Emphasis is given by us).
It is then stated in Para 10 of the application as follows:
"It is of particular significance that Mr. Ranjit Sinha had several meetings with Mr. Vijay Darda,
and his son Mr. Devendra Darda, who are being investigated in the case of illegal allocation of
coal blocks. Mr. Sinha also met with Mr. Subodh Kant Sahay, former Union Minister, whose
brother's company is one of the beneficiaries of the allocation of coal blocks and is being investigated by
the CBI."
13. In paragraph 11 of the application, it is stated that there is an `entry register' containing details
of visitors, including the accused persons, who met Mr. Sinha at his residence from time to time. It
is stated that Mr. Sinha did not meet them at his office or in the presence of the investigating
officers. Rather, he met them at his residence without the investigation team being present. A copy of
the `entry register' is filed in a sealed cover as an annexure to the application.
14. In paragraph 12 of the application a reference is made to Mr. Ranjit Sinha meeting some
accused persons in what is commonly known as the 2G spectrum case being an appeal filed by the
Centre for PIL2.
15. At this stage it is necessary to digress a bit and mention that in the 2G spectrum case, an
application was filed by the petitioner therein being IA No. 73 of 2014 in which it was prayed as follows:
"(i) Direct the CBI Director Shri Ranjit Sinha not to interfere in investigation and prosecution
of the case relating to the 2G spectrum allocation being carried out by the CBI, and to
recuse himself from the case. (ii) Pass further orders as may be deemed fit and proper."
16. An additional affidavit dated
5th September, 2014 was also filed in support of IA No. 73 of 2014
in which it was prayed that this Court should "order an SIT investigation into the gross abuse
of authority committed by the CBI Director in trying to scuttle investigations and prosecutions
being carried out by the CBI in 2G scam cases and other prominent cases…"
17. After an elaborate hearing, this Court passed an order in IA No. 73 of 2014 on
20th November, 2014 the relevant portion of which reads as follows:
"To protect and preserve the sanctity and the fair name of the institution including the reputation
of the Office of the Director of CBI, we are not deliberately giving out elaborate reasons. It
would suffice for us to observe that the information furnished by the applicants is prima facie credible
and therefore requires to be accepted.
Let it not be said by anybody, that we have not given any reasons while disposing of the
application. We are reiterating this statement only to prevent flak from several quarters of the society. We
would like to re-emphasize that elaborate reasons are not necessary, only to protect the reputation of
the CBI from being tarnished.
In view of the above, we grant the aforesaid relief sought by the applicants and pass the
following orders:-
(i) We recall our earlier order passed on 15.09.2014 so far as it relates to I.A. No. 73 of
2014. (ii)We direct Shri Ranjit Sinha, CBI Director not to interfere in the investigation and
prosecution of the case relating to the 2G spectrum allocation that is carried out by the CBI, and to
recuse himself from the case. (iii) Shri Ranjit Sinha shall be replaced by the senior most officer of
the investigating team, constituted by the CBI to investigate into the case relating to the
2G spectrum allocation and continue the proceedings further.
With the above observations, I.A. No. 73 of 2014 (application for directions) is disposed
of."3
18. In support of his submission that an SIT should be constituted to look into the abuse of authority
by Mr. Ranjit Sinha in attempting to scuttle the investigations into the coal block allocations, Mr.
Prashant Bhushan filed a short note dated
12th January, 2015. Along with the note, he annexed a
photocopy of a file in respect of the case against the Dardas (abovementioned). It was submitted by
Mr. Prashant Bhushan during the course of his oral submissions that the photocopy of the file
was given to him by a whistle blower.
19. In response, the CBI filed a note date
18th September, 2014 in a sealed cover indicating the
detailed procedure followed by the CBI before a final decision is taken by a competent authority on
closing a case or filing a charge sheet. It is not necessary for us to go into the details of the
procedure followed but it is necessary only to mention that the CBI does follow quite a detailed and
open process of discussion and expression of views before a final decision is taken on matters before it.
We may record that we have absolutely no quarrel with the procedure prescribed by the CBI
before it takes a final decision. With regard to the `entry register' relied upon by Mr. Prashant Bhushan it
is stated that a copy thereof has not been supplied to the counsel for the CBI and in any case it is
the subject matter of an enquiry before another Bench dealing with the 2G spectrum case.
20. The CBI also filed a note dated
20th February, 2015 in a sealed cover. In this note, the merits of
the controversy relating to the Dardas are adverted to and the decisions taken by the CBI have
been justified. It is also stated that the strength of the CBI lies in the multiple levels of supervision
where each level is free and independent in expressing its views and recommendations. It is only
after taking account of these views and recommendations that the competent authority passes a
final order which then becomes the stand of the CBI.
21. With reference to the `entry register' or the visitor's diary, it is stated that it has not been supplied
to the CBI and it was not maintained by the CBI. It is submitted that since false statements have
been made by Common Cause in respect of the case pertaining to the Dardas, the `visitor's diary'
must also be viewed with suspicion.
22. Our attention has also been drawn to the order dated
8th May, 2013 passed by this Court to
the effect that the secrecy of the inquiries and investigations must be ensured. It is submitted in
this context that the fact that Common Cause has obtained a copy of the note sheets of the office
file indicates that the secrecy of the concerned file has been compromised and that the CBI is
taking steps to ascertain how the file moved out of the office.
23. Mr. Prashant Bhushan filed a note in rejoinder essentially reiterating the submissions made.
24. As far as Crl. MP No. 387/2015 filed by Mr. Ranjit Sinha is concerned, he states that Mr.
Prashant Bhushan, Common Cause and Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal of Common Cause have deliberately
made misstatements and stated facts that are not true with a view to mislead this Court. It is submitted
in the application that according to them, one Mr. Moin Qureshi had dealings with Mr. Sinha and
that an appraisal report prepared by the Income Tax Department contained some details in this
regard. It is submitted that this allegation was found to be incorrect and was stated so by the
learned Attorney General when he appeared in this Court on
17th October, 2014. This Court had also
seen the appraisal report and did not find anything to link Mr. Moin Qureshi with Mr. Sinha.
25. It is also stated that in IA No. 13/2014 as well as the additional affidavit filed in support of
this application it has been falsely stated that Mr. Ranjit Sinha had overruled his subordinate
officers with a view to bring a closure to certain cases and this was false to the knowledge of Mr.
Prashant Bhushan and Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal.
26. Significantly, in paragraph 6 of the application (that is Crl. MP No. 387 of 2015) Mr. Sinha
has adverted to the contents of paragraph 9 of IA No.13/2014, wherein it has been stated that Mr.
Sinha met some accused persons in some prominent cases including the Coal Block Allocation
case without the investigating officer being present. While adverting to this, Mr. Sinha states in
paragraph 6 of the application as follows:-
"That it has wrongly been averred in para 9 that Shri. Sinha (Former Director, CBI)
repeatedly overruled the Investigating Officers and forced them not to register FIRs/RCs in cases where
PEs had been registered. It has been further wrongly averred that Shri Sinha forced the officials to
file closure reports in cases where FIR's has already been registered."
27. It is noteworthy that Mr. Sinha does not deny that he met some accused persons in the Coal
Block Allocation case without the investigating officer being present.
Submissions and discussion
28. We heard Mr. Prashant Bhushan for Common Cause, Mr. Amarendra Saran, learned Senior
Counsel for the CBI and Mr. Vikas Singh, learned Senior Counsel for Mr. Ranjit Sinha in considerable
detail over a few days.
29. We are of the opinion that it is not at all necessary for us, nor is it advisable at this stage, to enter
the thicket of allegations made by Common Cause with regard to the investigations relating to
the Dardas or the alleged attempt by Mr. Ranjit Sinha to scuttle the investigations with regard to one
or more of the accused persons in that case. What is of greater importance and what has caused
us considerable concern is that neither Mr. Ranjit Sinha nor the CBI denies that Mr. Ranjit Sinha
had met some persons, including the Dardas, who are accused of criminality in the Coal Block
Allocations case without the investigating officer or the investigating team being present.
30. On the contrary, it is argued on behalf of Mr. Ranjit Sinha that it is his job to meet the
accused persons and to get their point of view before taking a final decision in the matter of their
criminality. It is submitted that there is no wrongdoing if he as the Director of the CBI meets some
accused persons so that if they are innocent, they should not unnecessarily and without proper
justification be subjected to a criminal prosecution.
31. We need not comment on the opinion of Mr. Ranjit Sinha expressed through his learned
counsel Mr. Vikas Singh except to say that even if Mr. Sinha is right, there cannot at all be any
justification for him to meet any accused person in a criminal case where investigation is underway, without
the investigating officer being present, whether it is in his office or as alleged by Mr. Prashant
Bhushan, at his residence and that too, allegedly, several times including late at night. If at all Mr. Sinha as
the Director of the CBI had to meet any accused person for obtaining his point of view on the
allegations against him, he should have done so in the presence of the investigating officer or the
investigating team. The fact that Mr. Sinha admittedly met some accused persons in the absence of
the investigating officer or the investigating team is itself a cause for concern.
32. There is a very high degree of responsibility placed on an investigating agency to ensure that
an innocent person is not subjected to a criminal trial. This responsibility is coupled with an
equally high degree of ethical rectitude required of an investigating officer or an investigating agency
to ensure that the investigations are carried out without any bias and are conducted in all fairness
not only to the accused person but also to the victim of any crime, whether the victim is an individual
or the State.
33. In Sidhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma v.
State4 this Court made the following observations
with regard to the entitlement of an accused to a fair investigation:
"In the Indian criminal jurisprudence, the accused is placed in a somewhat advantageous
position than under different jurisprudence of some of the countries in the world. The criminal
justice administration system in India places human rights and dignity for human life at a much
higher pedestal. In our jurisprudence an accused is presumed to be innocent till proved guilty, the
alleged accused is entitled to fairness and true investigation and fair trial and the prosecution is expected
to play balanced role in the trial of a crime. The investigation should be judicious, fair, transparent
and expeditious to ensure compliance with the basic rule of law. These are the fundamental canons
of our criminal jurisprudence and they are quite in conformity with the constitutional mandate
contained in Articles 20 and 21 of the Constitution of
India."
34. Similarly, in Manohar Lal
Sharma5 case, this Court observed that investigations have to be
fair, impartial and uninfluenced by external influences. It is stated as follows:
"A proper investigation into crime is one of the essentials of the criminal justice system and
an integral facet of rule of law. The investigation by the police under the Code has to be fair,
impartial and uninfluenced by external influences. Where investigation into crime is handled by CBI
under the DSPE Act, the same principles apply and CBI as an investigating agency is supposed to
discharge its responsibility with competence, promptness, fairness and uninfluenced and unhindered by
external influences."6
35. In the present case, the contention of the learned counsel appearing on behalf of Mr. Sinha is
that there is nothing to indicate that his client tried to scuttle the investigations and the reference to
the investigations in the case of the Dardas is completely misplaced. It was contended by
learned counsel appearing for the CBI as well as learned counsel for Mr. Ranjit Sinha that a prayer for
an investigation by an SIT having not been accepted by this Court in the application made in the
2G spectrum case, the same request in this application should not be accepted.
36. As mentioned above, it is not necessary for us to examine whether the investigation into the case
of the Dardas was in any manner influenced by Mr. Sinha at any point of time. What is of
importance is that as justice must not only be done but it must also appear to have been done,
similarly, investigations must not only be fair but must appear to have been conducted in a fair manner.
The fact that Mr. Sinha met some of the accused persons without the investigating officer or
the investigating team being present disturbs us with regard to the fairness of the investigations. This
is all the more so if we keep in mind the fact that in the 2G scam investigations, this Court
had concluded in its order dated 20th November, 2011 that Mr. Ranjit Sinha should not interfere in
the investigation and prosecution of the case relating to the 2G spectrum allocation and to
recuse himself from the case. That an SIT was not ordered in the 2G spectrum case is not relevant. A
view was taken that Mr. Sinha should be directed to not interfere in the investigations in that case
and that, coupled with his meeting accused persons in the Coal Block Allocation case without
the investigating officer being present, is enough to persuade us that some further inquiry is
necessary to ensure that the investigations have been fair in the coal block allocation cases where Mr.
Sinha has had one or more meetings with one or more accused persons.
37. Learned counsel appearing for the CBI passionately submitted that any adverse order that we
may pass in this regard would irreparably damage the credibility of the CBI. In our opinion this
argument is fallacious. If an independent inquiry shows that the CBI has acted fairly, it will enhance its
institutional credibility and its image. On the other hand, if the independent inquiry shows that Mr. Ranjit
Sinha managed to influence some specific investigations in the Coal Block Allocations case, it will
serve the larger public interest and will enable the CBI to take appropriate corrective and remedial
measures. Either way, through an independent inquiry the CBI will be the beneficiary rather than the loser.
38. While opposing IA No. 13/2014 and supporting Crl. MP No. 387/2015 Mr. Vikas Singh relied
upon Perumal v.Janaki7 to contend that when a palpably false statement ismade for extraneous
reasons, it is an appropriate case for the exercise of jurisdiction under Section 195 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973 (for short the Code).
39. Similarly, reference was made to
State of Madhya Pradesh v. Narmada Bachao Andolan &
Anr.8 where also this Court observed that it is a settled proposition of law that a false statement made
in Court or in the pleadings to intentionally mislead the Court and to obtain a favourable order
amounts to criminal contempt as it tends to impede the administration of justice.
40. On the other hand, Mr. Prashant Bhushan referred to
Indirect Tax Practitioners Association v.
R.K.Jain9withregard to the growing acceptance of the phenomenon of a whistle blower. This Court
observed that the respondent in that case was the whistle blower who had tried to highlight
the malfunctioning of an important institution established for dealing with cases involving the
revenue of the State and there was no reason to silence such a person by invoking the contempt powers
of the Court under the Constitution or the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971.
41. Though the submissions made by Mr. Sinha's learned counsel on the contents of his
application were limited, the oral submissions spread over a larger canvas. It is submitted by Mr. Vikas
Singh that Mr. Prashant Bhushan, Common Cause and Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal have not only
committed perjury but are also guilty of contempt of Court and additionally Mr. Prashant Bhushan has
violated the provisions of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 by placing on record the official notes with regard
to the case of the Dardas. We have considered Mr. Sinha's application from all these angles.
42. In our opinion, the submissions made by Mr. Vikas Singh in this regard do not deserve
acceptance. It is true that this Court had required the Director, CBI to ensure, by its order dated
8th May, 2013 that the secrecy of the inquiries and investigations into the allocation of coal blocks is
maintained. However, if somebody accesses documents that ought to be carefully maintained by the CBI, it
is difficult to find fault with such a whistle blower particularly when his or her action is in public
interest. It is another matter if the whistle blower uses the documents for a purpose that is outrageous or
that may damage the public interest. In that event, it would be permissible for this Court or an
appropriate Court to take action against the whistle blower, if he or she is identified. However, the present
case is not of any such category. The whistle blower, whoever it is, acted purportedly in public interest
by seeking to bring out what he or she believes is an attempt by Mr. Ranjit Sinha to scuttle
the investigations into the affairs of the Dardas or others in the Coal Block Allocation case. As
mentioned above, we are not considering whether the file notes actually disclose an attempt by Mr. Sinha
to scuttle the investigations. All that is of relevance is whether the disclosure by the whistle blower
was mala fide or not. We are of the opinion that the disclosures made by the whistle blower
were intended to be in public interest.
43. In these circumstances, it is difficult to hold that Mr. Prashant Bhushan or Common Cause or
Mr. Kamal Kant Jaswal had any intention to mislead this Court in any manner, nor do we agree that
they have perjured themselves. The file notes speak for themselves and any interpretation, even
an allegedly twisted interpretation said to have been given to them, cannot fall within the realm
of perjury.
44. As far as the allegation that there has been a violation of the provisions of the Official Secrets
Act, 1923 is concerned; we are of the opinion that the file notes in this case cannot be described as
an `official secret' for the purposes of prosecuting Mr. Prashant Bhushan.
45. Accordingly, Criminal Misc. Petition No. 387 of 2015 is dismissed.
46. With regard to IA No. 13 of 2014, since we have held that it was completely inappropriate for
Mr. Ranjit Sinha to have met persons accused in the Coal Block Allocation case without the
investigating officer being present or without the investigating team being present, it is necessary to look into
the question whether any one or more such meetings of Mr. Sinha with accused persons without
the investigating officer have had any impact on the investigations and subsequent charge sheets
or closure reports filed by the CBI. We require assistance in this matter, particularly for
determining the methodology for conducting such an inquiry. For rendering assistance to us in this
regard, notice be issued to the Central Vigilance Commission returnable on
6th July, 2015.
J Madan B. Lokur
J Kurian Joseph
J A.K. Sikri New Delhi; May 14, 2015
1(2014) 2 SCC 532
2Civil Appeal No. 10660 of 2010: Centre for PIL v. Union of India
3(2015) 2 SCC 362
4 (2010) 6 SCC 1
5(2014) 2 SCC 532
6Paragraph 33 of the Report
7(2014) 5 SCC 377
8(2011) 7 SCC 639